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silversword alliance
Silversword alliance refers to an adaptive radiation of over 50 species in the composite or sunflower family, Asteraceae. The group is endemic to Hawaii, and is derived from a single immigrant to the islands. For radiating from a common ancestor at an estimated 5.2±0.8 Ma, the clade is extremely diverse, composed of trees, shrubs, subshrubs, mat-plants, cushion plants, rosette plants, and lianas.〔Carlquist, S., B. G. Baldwin, and G. D. Carr, eds. 2003. Tarweeds & Silverswords: Evolution of the Madiinae (Asteraceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Press.〕
The silversword alliance is named for its most famous and visually striking members, the silverswords. There are three species of silverswords and two greenswords in the genus ''Argyroxiphium'', confined to the islands of Maui and Hawaii, and two species of ''Wilkesia'' (''iliau'') on Kauai. The bulk of the species are placed in the genus ''Dubautia'', which is widespread on all the main islands.
The genus ''Dubautia'' contains a wide variety of life-forms, including cushion plants, shrubs, trees, and lianas.
Similar species frequently occur in the same habitat and are often difficult to tell apart. Hybrids frequently occur between ''Dubautia'' species, and between ''Dubautia'' and ''Argyroxiphium''. As a result, there is some disagreement over the number of species.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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